Two sides of the same coin? Combined attention in overt and covert orienting. M Landry, J Ristic |
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Department of Psychology, McGill University, QC, Canada
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| We recently demonstrated that behaviorally relevant stimuli, like arrows engage a unique and independent attentional system, called automated symbolic orienting (Ristic, Landry & Kingstone, 2012, Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 560). Furthermore, we found that automated attention combined with endogenous attention when the arrow cue is used to engage both attentional systems (Landry & Ristic, 2012, Journal of Vision, 12(9), 673). Here we tested whether a similar combined attention effect is observed when participants are asked to execute saccadic eye movements toward a peripheral target. The speed of participants’ responses was assessed in three attention conditions: (1) Automated attention, where a spatially nonpredictive arrow served as an attentional cue; (2) Endogenous attention, where a spatially predictive symbol served as an attentional cue; and (3) Combined attention, where a spatially predictive arrow served as an attentional cue. Attentional effects emerged in all three conditions, with the magnitude of the combined attention effect surpassing the magnitudes of both automated and endogenous attention. These data indicate that attentional systems combine similarly across oculomotor and manual response systems. |
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